- Aggregate: The sand, gravel, or crushed stone used as a component in concrete or mortar.
- Anchor bolt: A bolt embedded in concrete or masonry used to secure structural elements.
- Angle iron: L-shaped iron used to reinforce corners or as lintels.
- Asphalt: A dark, bituminous substance used in masonry for waterproofing.
- Bed: The horizontal surface on which a stone or masonry unit rests.
- Bond: The pattern in which bricks are laid, such as running bond or stack bond.
- Brick: A rectangular block used in masonry, typically made of fired clay.
- Bullnose: A rounded edge or corner of a masonry unit.
- Caulk: Material used to seal joints or cracks.
- Chase: A groove cut into masonry to receive pipes or conduits.
- Chimney: A vertical structure used to vent gases from a fireplace or furnace.
- Coping: The top course or cap of a wall or parapet.
- Course: A horizontal layer of masonry units.
- Crack stitching: Technique to repair cracks in masonry by embedding metal rods or bars.
- Crazing: Fine cracks on the surface of masonry units due to shrinkage or weathering.
- Curing: The process of maintaining moisture in newly laid masonry to ensure proper hydration.
- Damp-proof course (DPC): A layer of material (e.g., bitumen) to prevent rising damp in masonry.
- Dowel: A pin or peg used to strengthen masonry joints.
- Efflorescence: White deposits on masonry caused by salt migration to the surface.
- Expansion joint: A joint designed to allow for the expansion and contraction of masonry.
- Face: The exposed surface of a masonry unit.
- Flashing: Thin metal sheet used to direct water away from masonry.
- Footing: The base or foundation of a masonry structure.
- Gable: The triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof.
- Grout: Fluid mixture of cement, sand, and water used to fill gaps in masonry.
- Header: A brick laid with its end facing outwards.
- Hollow brick: Brick with voids or holes to reduce weight and improve insulation.
- Jamb: The vertical sides of an opening in masonry, such as a door or window.
- Joist: Horizontal supporting member, often in floors or ceilings.
- Keystone: The central wedge-shaped stone in an arch.
- Lime mortar: Mortar made from lime, sand, and water.
- Lintel: Horizontal structural element above a door or window opening.
- Masonry: Construction using units such as bricks, stones, or concrete blocks.
- Mortar: Cementitious material used to bond masonry units together.
- Parapet: A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony.
- Parging: Thin coat of mortar applied to masonry for smoothness or protection.
- Paver: Thin, flat masonry unit used for paving surfaces.
- Pier: Vertical masonry support, often used in foundations or bridges.
- Pointing: Process of finishing mortar joints.
- Quoin: Cornerstone or angle brick in masonry, often decorative.
- Rebar: Reinforcing bar used to strengthen concrete or masonry.
- Render: Coating applied to masonry for protection or decoration.
- Rubble: Irregularly shaped stones used in masonry.
- Screed: A flat board used to level or smooth concrete or mortar.
- Sealer: Material applied to masonry to protect against water penetration.
- Sill: Horizontal member beneath a window or door opening.
- Skewback: The angled support for an arch.
- Soffit: The underside of an architectural feature, often in masonry.
- Spall: Fragmentation or chipping of masonry due to weathering or impact.
- Stucco: Exterior plaster finish for masonry walls.
- Tie: Metal connector used to join two wythes of masonry.
- Tuckpointing: Process of filling mortar joints to match the color of masonry units.
- Veneer: Thin facing material applied to masonry for aesthetic purposes.
- Void: An empty space within masonry, often for insulation or ventilation.
- Wall tie: Metal connector used to attach masonry to structural elements.
- Waterproofing: Treatment applied to masonry to prevent water penetration.
- Weep hole: Small opening in masonry to allow drainage of water.
- Wythe: A vertical section of masonry one unit thick.
- Xeriscaping: Landscaping technique that reduces or eliminates the need for irrigation.
- Yield point: The stress at which a material begins to deform permanently.
- Z-bar: A metal bar used to secure panels or sheets together.
- Abrasion resistance: The ability of a material to resist surface wear.
- Absorption: The ability of a material to take in liquids or gases.
- Adhesion: The bonding strength between two materials.
- Aggregate: Inert filler material in concrete, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone.
- Air entrainment: The incorporation of air bubbles in concrete to improve freeze-thaw resistance.
- Alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR): Chemical reaction between alkalies in cement and reactive minerals in aggregate.
- Anchor bolt: Bolt embedded in concrete or masonry to attach structural elements.
- Architectural concrete: Concrete designed for aesthetic purposes.
- Ballast: Coarse aggregate used in concrete, often from crushed stone.
- Bleeding: The migration of water to the surface of freshly placed concrete.
- Blinding: A thin layer of fine material applied over a surface to cover irregularities.
- Bond: The adhesion or grip between masonry units or between masonry and mortar.
- Bulking: The increase in volume of sand due to the presence of moisture.
- Cement: Binder material in concrete, typically Portland cement.
- Cementitious: Material containing or resembling cement.
- Cement hydration: Chemical reaction between cement and water, forming hardened paste.
- Cement paste: Mixture of cement and water that coats aggregate particles.
- Chloride: Chemical compound that can accelerate corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete.
- Clinker: Material produced by heating limestone and clay to form Portland cement.
- Cold joint: Interface between successive batches of concrete placed at different times.
- Compaction: Process of reducing voids in concrete by mechanical means.
- Concrete: Mixture of cement, aggregate, and water that hardens over time.
- Concrete cover: Distance between reinforcing steel and outer surface of concrete.
- Concrete strength: Ability of concrete to withstand applied loads or forces.
- Consistency: Workability or fluidity of freshly mixed concrete.
- Crazing: Fine cracks on the surface of hardened concrete.
- Creep: Time-dependent deformation of concrete under sustained load.
- Curing: Process of maintaining adequate moisture and temperature in freshly placed concrete.
- Efflorescence: White crystalline deposits on concrete surface due to soluble salts.
- Elastic modulus: Measure of stiffness or rigidity of concrete.
- Expansion joint: Separation between adjacent parts of concrete to accommodate thermal or moisture changes.
- Fiber reinforcement: Addition of fibers (e.g., steel, synthetic) to concrete for improved tensile strength.
- Formwork: Temporary structure or mold used to hold concrete in place until it hardens.
- Grout: Fluid mixture of cement, sand, and water used to fill gaps or voids.
- Honeycombing: Voids or gaps left in concrete due to inadequate vibration or compaction.
- Hydration: Chemical reaction between cement and water that forms hardened concrete.
- Laitance: Thin layer of weak, fine particles on the surface of concrete due to improper finishing.
- Permeability: Ability of concrete to allow fluids (e.g., water, air) to pass through.
- Plasticizer: Admixture added to concrete to improve workability without increasing water content.
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